Risks Of Free Trade - 1753 Words

Robert Knighton Pol. Sci. 1300 Kate Ivanova April 23, 2015 Risks of Free Trade If someone mentions an argument against free trade aloud, the typical person might withdraw curiously: against free trade? Indeed, such a statement does require explanation, as the connotation behind the word can differ slightly even if the primary meaning succeeds. Not to mention the ambiguity that accompanies such a phrase, as the speaker likely means they support regulated trade because of the risks that free trade involves. Indeed, the risks of free trade are so steep that it requires regulation, albeit with surgical precision. (what I mean by this is that regulation is required, but in small amounts. Heavy regulation would be as bad if not worse than no regulation) What is meant by free trade, exactly? First, it is important to note that while the terms â€Å"free trade† and â€Å"fair trade† are often used interchangeably in colloquial speech, they are completely different things. In fact, free trade is anything but fair (except to private corporate profits). Free trade, according to mainstream economic policy, has zero restrictions on imports and exports. There are no tariffs, quotas, subsidies, etc. Often, free trade agreements surpass the sovereignty of nations in order to guarantee the corporate interest in private capital gains. Michael Palenti, in his article, â€Å"Globalization and Democracy: Some Basics†, vocalizes this concern with free trade agreements, saying that, â€Å"†¦[corporations] seek aShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Free Trade For Canada Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesDisadvantages of Free Trade for Canada: For every upside, there is a downside, and this certainly is the case for free trade in Canada. The successes listed above, also appeared in the United States and Mexico, which impacted our country. For every job that was created for them, some were lost elsewhere. Ontario, in result of jobs created elsewhere,: Lost hundreds of thousands of good manufacturing jobs. Those jobs went to States in the U.S. where unions are made weak by legislation, and to MexicoRead MoreBusiness Development in a Global Market Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesminimizing the risks. Core fundamentals include, indentifying potential markets, product competition, risks involved, future growth potential, entry strategy and costs involved to enter the market place. When identifying potential markets we must consider the benefit, risks and costs associated with each market. There are several questions that need to be asked. The first one being, what is the political stability and economic growth rate of the country. This will determine how high the risks are to enterRead MoreBusiness Development in a Global Market1442 Words   |  6 Pagesminimizing the risks. 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These global organizations are not always efficient, and can lead to imbalances in trade currency. â€Å"For more than a decade, the U.S. and other countries castigated China for its currency policy, saying the yuan’s level gave the country’s exporters an unfair advantage at theRead MoreCase Study: Ameritrade Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary: In mid-1997 Joe Ricketts the Chairman and CEO of Ameritrade, decided that Ameritrade’s new mission would be to become â€Å"the largest brokerage firm worldwide based on the number of trades.† In order to accomplish this mission Ameritrade would need to invest significantly in technology and advertising. This strategy would require large expenditures relative to Ameritrade’s existing capital. In order to gauge the financial impact of these large expenditures, there needed to beRead More world trade organization Essay examples637 Words   |  3 Pagesthere has been a constant controversy over whether the World Trade Organization should enforce global free trade. The primary idea is to establish in which all are happy. Although there are many advocates for trade liberalization, as well as many who oppose. I believe free trade may be advantageous for both large and small-industrialized countries, but it does not favor the smaller developing countries needs prim arily. If the World Trade Organization eliminates tariffs and quotas, it could create

Avoid Being Late Free Essays

Avoid Being Late Lasonya Dawson Grand Canyon University PSY-102 October 24, 2010 Avoid Being Late The act of being late can be avoided by taking certain measures. The first thing you have to be able to do is admit that you had a problem with being on time. The next thing you have to do is be able to identify what causes you to be late. We will write a custom essay sample on Avoid Being Late or any similar topic only for you Order Now The next thing that you have to be is willing to do is make the necessary changes to correct the issues. The issue can be corrected with acknowledging all of the above and realize that this can be a very career threatening thing.The admittance that you have issue with being on time is the very first step in starting the process is resolving the issue. When you are late the problem starts in the preparation of the day before or the day of. One has to be able to picture in their mind what needs to be the day before and have a backup plan if needed. If one is in denial that they have a problem being on time, then there is little that can be done to correct the issue. Once you have acknowledged the issue then you can find a solution or set up some type of system to resolve it. One has to be able to identify what triggers or causes them to be late.When you realize the point when time starts to get in a bit of a crunch could be sign of you being late. You have to be able to figure out is it the day before preparation or is it that you may have to try to multitask. Multitasking is the act of doing several things at the same time to get all completed in a timely manner. One should be able to see the pattern and the signs that occur when they are about to be late. When you are able to make the necessary changes to eliminate being late then you will be able to see what a positive effect it has on all things in your life. Once the changes are made to correct the issue you should become a more productive person. The key to being on time is time management. If you are able to manage your time well usually you are always on time. I pride myself on being on time. I start the day before if I know I have to be somewhere at a certain time the next day. I start by doing everything that I can possibly do the day before so that it will not slow me down the next day. I start with the kids. I ironing their clothes, getting their snacks together, and making sure I know how much time I am going to need to get them ready.I can say that I am rarely late to anything that I am expected to be on time to. I accredit it to the fact I feel like I am going to miss something if I am late and I hate to be in a hurry or having to do things at the last minute. The issue will not just be resolved in just one attempt. You have to be willing to try different things over a period of time. You have to be able to set a realistic time frame that you will be able to say that you have the issue under control. One has to set short term goals and follow through with them. You can start as simple as doing some things the day before that you would normally do the day of to save time.One may follow up next with trying to multitask and take care of several things at once but, do not overwhelm yourself. Finally you can use what you have been training yourself to do on a family outing and set a time that you expect yourself to be there. You can even go so far as to grade yourself. There should also be some consequences for you being late. You can make an agreement with yourself to take away things that you like to do. You should also reward yourself for being on time until you have gotten the issue under control. I could start by taking away television time from you or even internet time from yourself.You can reward yourself by buying something that you like. There should always be penalties for allowing you to be late as well as rewards for being on time. The main thing that one has to realize is the negative effect that being late has on your career. Being late shows signs that you are not dependable. You should think it as if you are going to an interview and that if you are late then you are not going to get the job that you so desperately need. If one can place that kind of pressure on themselves then you should be able to always How to cite Avoid Being Late, Papers

Oscillometric And Auscultators Blood Pressure - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Oscillometric And Auscultatory Blood Pressure. Answer: Introduction The essay focuses upon the concept of evidence based practices in nursing care. The evidence based practise methods helps in redesigning a safe, efficient and effective care. It helps the practitioners approach questions related to health care in an evaluative and qualitative manner. A study has been conducted in the assignment researching the benefits of using automated device for measuring the blood pressure of children in hospitals rather than manual devices. There are different school of thoughts both stating for and against the use of automated measurement devices over the manual ones. The question raised here has been supported through sufficient evidences and resources which have been further critically reviewed for reliability and validity. Problem and answerable question The blood pressure can be measured using both manual and automated measuring techniques. The manual device is also known as the auscularity device whereas the automated device is known as oscillometric device. As commented by Myers (2014), measuring accurate blood pressure helps in monitoring the proper functioning of different body systems and organs. The erroneous blood pressure measurement may result in wrong treatments being administered to the patients. Therefore, acute measurements procedures and techniques need to be developed. The focus of the assignment is use of automated blood pressure devices over manual devices for measuring the blood pressure of children within hospitals. A number of arguments have been placed in favour of use of the automated techniques over manual measurement processes. As commented by Mansoor et al.(2016), the automated readings helps in representing the true blood pressure because of the built-in deflation rate of the device. However as argued by Da skalopoulou et al.(2015), the clinicians suggest occasional checking of the automated blood pressure readings against the mercury sphygmomanometer. This is done to remove the chances of any errors which may have crept during the process of blood pressure measurement. However, finding the right size of cuff for accurate measurement of blood pressure in children often becomes difficult (Lin, Chang, Chou Lin, 2014). Therefore, the emphasis is shifted upon the use of automated blood pressure measurement devices with a built-in deflation rate. The research has been further substantiated with the help of developing a proper research question. The question has been developed in the PICO format where the P stands for Population, I stand for intervention, C stands for comparison and O stands for Outcome. Therefore, the question which can be raised over here is: Is using an automated blood pressure monitoring system (I) on children (P) more accurate in monitoring the level of blood pressure (O) compared to manual sphygmomanometers (C)? Locating the evidence A number of evidence bases have been referred to in order to retrieve adequate information regarding the benefits of choosing automated blood pressure measuring techniques over manual sphygmomanometers. In order to understand the differences one needs to develop sufficient idea regarding the different types of blood pressure measuring devices, their functioning and efficiencies. The blood pressure is divided into two components- systolic and diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is when the heart is pumping and the diastolic pressure is recorded when the heart is at rest. In this respect, mercury sphygmomanometers are one of the old school manual methods of measuring blood pressure. The physician has to manually inflate or deflate the cuffs around the arm till the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded (Benmira et al., 2016). However as argued by Chu et al.(2017), there are a number of limitations of using the manual method of recording blood pressure such as appropriate a djustment of the cuff while measuring the blood pressure. Children have thin arms resulting in loose fitting of the cuff, which often results in erroneous recording of blood pressure. Additionally, the children often become impatient during manual recording of the blood pressure which takes longer. The automatic recording of blood pressure takes lesser time comparatively. The inflatable part of the cuff needs to cover atleast 80% of the part of the patients arm (Neuhauser, Ellert, Thamm Adler, 2015). A childs cuff measures less than 24 cms in diameter. Therefore, using a large cuff may result in low blood pressure readings. However as argued by Benmira et al.(2016) most of the hospitals lack different sized cuffs which affects accurate measurements. As commented by Lin et al. (2016), fraudulent marking of the lower meniscus of mercury can also result in inaccurate measurements being taken. Another variation which can be used over here is an aneroid sphygmomanometer. The features of the devices are similar to mercury sphygmomanometer excepting that here instated of using mercury for recording the blood pressure, a dial gauge is used, which is connected to the cuff. As argued by Neuhauser, Ellert, Thamm Adler (2015), the dial gauge of the aneroid sphygmomanometers requires recalibration on a frequent basis further questioning the accuracy of the device. The automated blood pressure monitoring device measures the oscillations of the arteries using pressure sensors. The oscillations are processed using an algorithm to convert them into systolic and diastolic values which are displayed on a digital interface. The electronic sensors attached with the cuff can accurately sense the systole and diastole pressures which control the defla tion rate tightly (Duncombe, Voss Harris, 2017). Moreover, slight movement during the measurement of the blood pressure also affects the recording. Most of the times the children fail to sit quietly during the process of blood pressure monitoring resulting in false pressure data. Diagram: Flowchart depicting the process of blood pressure monitoring in children (Source: Author) Appraising the evidence There are contradictory opinions regarding the use of automated digital sphygmomanometer versus manual sphygmomanometers for measuring blood pressure. There are a number of limitations of the use of automatic digital sphygmomanometers such as faulty built-in deflation rate. As commented by Rinfret et al. (2017), the devices have to be checked against the manual sphygmomanometers in the initial stage to ascertain the accuracy of readings. The installation of the devices requires huge amount of expenditures such as investment behind battery replacements. As mentioned by Flynn et al. (2017), for large arm cuffs the devices have to be connected to an AC adaptor. The high cost associated with the devices does not restrict the purchasing ability of the same. As argued by De Caen et al. (2015), the blood pressure reading is also affected by the general health conditions of the patient. For example, the ones suffering from hypertension might depict elevated levels of mercuric pressure. The p roblem situation may be further analysed to find out the presence of some other health concerns such as presence of high cholesterol content in the blood. This results in narrowing of the blood vessels resulting in high pressure of blood within the arteries. As argued by Franssen et al. (2017), the chances of human errors in automatic digital sphygmomanometers is minimum as most of the critical operations are performed automatically. Another concern which has been raised by experienced physicians regarding the manual sphygmomanometers usage has been termed as clinical inertia. As mentioned by Daskalopoulou et al. (2015), a physician can heat the onset of the korotkoff sounds somewhere between 140 and 138. Therefore, in most cases the physician to choose upon a particular number. Therefore, the diagnosis often takes a hypothetical turn which may affect the quality of the care services. However, as argued by Neuhauser, Ellert, Thamm Adler (2015), children have higher level of foetal haemoglobin which has less oxygen carrying capacity. In order to cope up with the deprivation the heart has to pump more blood which raises the normal blood pressure level. Therefore, along with the recording techniques in place certain degree of medical expertise is also required. As argued by Rinfret et al. (2017), wrong interpretation of the results may affect the particular treatment methods being administered to the child. Database: CINAHL, Cochrane library , MEDLINE, Joanna Briggs Is it appropriate to use automated blood pressure monitoring devices instead of manual sphygmomanometers on children in hospital? Search topic Number of hits generated Blood pressure monitoring devices 52 Automated blood pressure monitoring devices 65 Use of automated blood pressure monitoring devices in children 20 Benefits of manual sphygmomanometers over automated blood pressure monitoring devices 10 Peer reviewed journals only 44 Limit the journals to last ten years only 42 Limit the journals to English language only 40 Table: search criteria for evidence-based articles (Source: author) Summary of practice The manual sphygmomanometers are the most accepted old school method of monitoring and recording blood pressure. A loose end in the cuff of a blood pressure monitoring device may result in the recording of wrong results (Sheppard et al., 2014). On the other hand the automated blood pressure monitoring devices work with the help of electronic sensors and sense the systolic and diastolic pressure automatically at the same controlling the deflation rate. However, the automated devices require huge amount of investments making it difficult for maximum number of hospitals to purchase them (Benmira et al., 2016). Therefore, most of the hospitals are still using the manual methods of blood pressure recording. Thus, both the methods need a certain amount of medical expertise which will help in focussing upon the general health condition of the patient before arriving at a result. Additionally, maintaining standard cuff sizes will help in measuring the blood pressure accurately across a wide age group (De Caen et al., 2015). The devices should be calibrated frequently to provide accurate results along with controlling the cost of the medical equipments and devices. Conclusion In this respect, a number of issues have been identified with both the manual and the automated methods of blood pressure recording. However, the accuracy is dependent upon the cuff sizes which are different depending upon the age and health of an individual. A healthy individual may require a wider cuff whereas a lean child may need a thinner cuff. The automated blood pressure monitoring devices though easier to use specially with the children requires huge investments. Therefore, there are loopholes pertaining to the use of both the device and requires suitable policies and intervention strategies. References Benmira, A., Perez-Martin, A., Schuster, I., Aichoun, I., Coudray, S., Bereksi-Reguig, F., Dauzat, M. (2016). From Korotkoff and Marey to automatic non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure measurement: does easiness come with reliability?.Expert review of medical devices,13(2), 179-189. Chu, G., Zhang, Z., Xu, M., Huang, D., Dai, Q. (2017). Validation of a smartphone auscultatory blood pressure kit Accutension XYZ-110 in adults according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2: 2013 standard.Blood pressure monitoring,22(5), 290-294. Daskalopoulou, S. S., Rabi, D. M., Zarnke, K. B., Dasgupta, K., Nerenberg, K., Cloutier, L., ... McKay, D. W. (2015). The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,31(5), 549-568. De Caen, A. R., Berg, M. D., Chameides, L., Gooden, C. K., Hickey, R. W., Scott, H. F., ... Schexnayder, S. M. (2015). Part 12: pediatric advanced life support.Circulation,132(18 suppl 2), S526-S542. Duncombe, S. L., Voss, C., Harris, K. C. (2017). Oscillometric and auscultatory blood pressure measurement methods in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of hypertension,35(2), 213-224. Flynn, J. T., Kaelber, D. C., Baker-Smith, C. M., Blowey, D., Carroll, A. E., Daniels, S. R., ... Gidding, S. S. (2017). Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.Pediatrics, p.1904. Franssen, M., Farmer, A., Grant, S., Greenfield, S., Heneghan, C., Hobbs, R., ... Milner, S. (2017). Telemonitoring and/or self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension (TASMINH4): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders,17(1), 58. Lin, Z. M., Chang, C. H., Chou, N. K., Lin, Y. H. (2014, April). Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based blood pressure monitoring system. InIntelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Myers, M. G. (2014). Replacing manual sphygmomanometers with automated blood pressure measurement in routine clinical practice.Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology,41(1), 46-53. Neuhauser, H. K., Ellert, U., Thamm, M., Adler, C. (2015). Calibration of blood pressure data after replacement of the standard mercury sphygmomanometer by an oscillometric device and concurrent change of cuffs.Blood pressure monitoring,20(1), 39-42. Rinfret, F., Cloutier, L., L'Archevque, H., Gauthier, M., Laskine, M., Larochelle, P., ... Van Nguyen, P. (2017). The gap between manual and automated office blood pressure measurements results at a hypertension clinic.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,33(5), 653-657. Sheppard, J. P., Holder, R., Nichols, L., Bray, E., Hobbs, F. R., Mant, J., ... McManus, R. J. (2014). Predicting out-of-office blood pressure level using repeated measurements in the clinic: an observational cohort study.Journal of hypertension,32(11), 2171.

World Regional GeographyCentral America

Map comparison As portrayed by the map of Central America characterized by varied climatic conditions, it is apparent that the physical geography of this region has played a big role responsible in modifying the climatic conditions of the same. As such, the climatic conditions of specific regions offset each other displaying unique climatic conditions to totally unique regions.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on World Regional Geography:Central America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Basically, the Northern part of Central America is characterized by arid and semiarid climatic conditions with precipitation not exceeding 50 mm. However, with the presence of Plateau of Mexico that cut across this region the climatic conditions has greatly been modified. As such, just on the plateau the region is typified by highland climate that receives rainfall not exceeding 200 mm (Schaefer 302). Generally, with the presence of a plateau we expect the immediate, adjacent land masses to experience distinct climatic conditions on either side of the same. To this end, one side i.e. the windward side is expected to receive considerable precipitation relative to the other side. However, for the Plateau of Mexico a totally different climate is observed; it is bordered by arid and semiarid climates even though there is a presence of a water body (Pacific Ocean) on its left. As the land mass narrows down to the South the presence of ocean currents on either side of the land is the reason behind the climatic conditions. This region is characterized by humid equatorial climate receiving rainfall above 200 mm. From figures 4-5 and 4-6 of the map of Central American geographical region, one can clearly distinguish between the Mainland and Rimland regions. In essence, these two regions are distinct in both cultural and economic fronts. As regards cultural composition, the Mainland is composed Euro-Amerindian cultura l group of Spanish origin that stretches along the western coastal strip to the larger Mexican state. In the contrary, the eastern costal strip stretching to the coastal strip of Costa Rica and, the Caribbean islands are mostly dominated by Euro-Africans mainly of British, French and Dutch origin. Basically, the population composition is a consequence of slave trade that characterized the region in the early 18th century owing to a dwindling Amerindian population.Advertising Looking for assessment on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As regards economic front these regions exhibit utterly dissimilar characteristics. In particular, the agricultural sector is totally different. The Rimland region is distinguished by plantations that grow one type of crop while the Mainland is distinguished by hacienda. Moreover, as opposed to the Rimland the Mainland produce is meant for export and hence largely affected by fluctuating world market prices (MacLeod 678). The eastern coast just like the Caribbean islands which is typified by plantations (sugarcane and bananas) was initially inhabited by Britons and as such it is distinctively a Rimland region. As regards the origin of the current cultural composition of Central America most of them trace back to their respective colonialists. For instance the Jamaicans speak English and owe much of their culture to Britons their former colonialist. The same goes to Haiti nationals who share a lot with French. Also, the Mexicans share a lot with Spaniards, and the descendants of a cultural fusion between the Spaniards and Amerindians- the Mestizo are common in Mexico. The majority of Cuban nationals are Hispanics, and Cuba as an area is almost equal to the entire total area of Caribbean islands. On a closer look at the maquiladoras (multiple factories) as portrayed by figure 4-11 most of them are located on the northern states of Mexico bordering the US. Strategicall y located are maquiladoras which are closely located to the raw materials, and closer to the US border. The essence of having the factories closer to the US border is because the finished products are exported back to the US and Canada. The owners of these factories are foreigners and hence benefit from Mexicans’ cheap labor. On the other hand the Mexicans benefit through job creation, new technology and foreign investment (Kimble 606). Map 1: Physical geography of Central America Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on World Regional Geography:Central America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Map 2: Names of Republics Map 3: urban-economic information Works Cited Kimble, Hebert. â€Å"The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept† London Essays in Geography 2.17 (1951): 601-617. Print. MacLeod, George, and Jones Mother. â€Å"Renewing The Geography of Regions.† Environment and Planning 16.9 (2001) : 669-800. Print.Advertising Looking for assessment on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schaefer, Frankline. â€Å"Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination.† Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43.3 (1953): 298-305. Print. This assessment on World Regional Geography:Central America was written and submitted by user IronMonger to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Malcolm X Vs. Anne Moody

Malcolm X vs. Anne Moody In this paper I will discuss the valuable roles Malcolm X and Anne Moody played in the Civil Rights Movement. I will also compare and contrast their very different methods to fixing the problem. Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925 to Louise Little, a mulatto born in Grenada, British West Indies, and Earl Little, a Baptist minister and an organizer for Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement association. (X, p.2) His mother was a homemaker who looked after Malcolm and his seven brothers’ and sister’s. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken minister; because of this the family received numerous threats and was forced to move several times. Soon the Ku Klux Klan burnt his house, which was followed by his father’s murder. Malcolm did not only suffer abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence, also. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children, except Malcolm. When his father passed his mother had eight children to raise on her own during the depression and could not handle it too well. She soon suffered from a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. The children were all placed in foster homes. Malco lm’s resentment increased through these hard times, which caused him to then be driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. Malcolm was first sent to a foster home and then a reform school. When he was in Junior High School he was the top student of his class, but his education was forever changed when a teacher told Malcolm his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"No realistic goal for a nigger.†(X, p.38) After the eighth grade, Malcolm moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in hustling. Roxbury proved to be too small for him, so in 1942 he took a job as a railroad dining car porter, working out of Roxbury and Harlem. In Harlem he became involved in the same things, robbery, prostitution, and drugs. After a ye... Free Essays on Malcolm X Vs. Anne Moody Free Essays on Malcolm X Vs. Anne Moody Malcolm X vs. Anne Moody In this paper I will discuss the valuable roles Malcolm X and Anne Moody played in the Civil Rights Movement. I will also compare and contrast their very different methods to fixing the problem. Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925 to Louise Little, a mulatto born in Grenada, British West Indies, and Earl Little, a Baptist minister and an organizer for Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement association. (X, p.2) His mother was a homemaker who looked after Malcolm and his seven brothers’ and sister’s. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken minister; because of this the family received numerous threats and was forced to move several times. Soon the Ku Klux Klan burnt his house, which was followed by his father’s murder. Malcolm did not only suffer abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence, also. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children, except Malcolm. When his father passed his mother had eight children to raise on her own during the depression and could not handle it too well. She soon suffered from a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. The children were all placed in foster homes. Malco lm’s resentment increased through these hard times, which caused him to then be driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. Malcolm was first sent to a foster home and then a reform school. When he was in Junior High School he was the top student of his class, but his education was forever changed when a teacher told Malcolm his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"No realistic goal for a nigger.†(X, p.38) After the eighth grade, Malcolm moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in hustling. Roxbury proved to be too small for him, so in 1942 he took a job as a railroad dining car porter, working out of Roxbury and Harlem. In Harlem he became involved in the same things, robbery, prostitution, and drugs. After a ye...

King Cotton and the Economy of the Old South

King Cotton and the Economy of the Old South King Cotton was a phrase coined in the years before the Civil War to refer to the economy of the American South. The southern economy was particularly dependent on cotton. And, as cotton was very much in demand, both in America and Europe, it created a special set of circumstances. Great profits could be made by growing cotton. But as most of the cotton was being picked by enslaved people, the cotton industry was essentially synonymous with slavery. And by extension,  the thriving textile industry, which was centered on mills in northern states as well as in England, was inextricably linked to the institution of American  slavery. When the banking system of the United States was rocked by periodic financial panics, the cotton-based economy of the South was at times immune to the problems. Following the Panic of 1857, a South Carolina senator, James Hammond, taunted politicians from the North during a debate in the U.S. Senate: You dare not make war on cotton. No power on earth dares make war upon it. Cotton is king. As the textile industry in England imported vast quantities of cotton from the American South, some political leaders in the South were hopeful that Great Britain might support the Confederacy during the Civil War. That did not happen. With cotton serving as the economic backbone of the South before the Civil War, the loss of enslaved labor that came with  emancipation  changed the situation. However, with the institution of sharecropping, which in practice was generally close to slave labor, the dependence on cotton as a primary crop continued well into the 20th century. Conditions Which Led to a Dependence on Cotton When white settlers came into the American South, they discovered very fertile farmland which turned out to be some of the best lands in the world for growing cotton. Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin, which automated the work of cleaning cotton fiber, made it possible to process more cotton than ever before. And, of course, what made enormous cotton crops profitable was cheap labor, in the form of enslaved Africans. The picking of cotton fibers from the plants was very difficult to work which had to be done by hand. So the harvesting of cotton required an enormous workforce. As the cotton industry grew, the number of slaves in America also increased during the early 19th century. Many of them, especially in the lower South, were engaged in cotton farming. And though the United States instituted a ban against importing slaves early in the 19th century, the growing need for slaves to farm cotton inspired a large and thriving internal slave trade. For example, slave traders in Virginia would transport slaves southward, to the slave markets in New Orleans and other Deep South cities. Dependence on Cotton Was a Mixed Blessing By the time of the Civil War, two-thirds of the cotton produced in the world came from the American South. Textile factories in Britain used enormous quantities of cotton from America. When the Civil War began, the Union Navy blockaded the ports of the South as part of General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan. And  cotton exports were effectively stopped. While some cotton was able to get out, carried by ships known as blockade runners, it became  impossible to maintain a steady supply of American cotton to British mills. Cotton growers in other countries, primarily Egypt and India, increased production to satisfy the British market. And with the cotton economy essentially stalled, the South was at a severe economic disadvantage during the Civil War. It has been estimated that cotton exports before the Civil War were approximately $192 million. In 1865, following the end of the war, exports amounted to less than $7 million. Cotton Production After the Civil War Though the war ended the use of enslaved labor in the cotton industry, cotton was still the preferred crop in the South. The system of sharecropping, in which farmers did not own the land but worked it for a portion of the profits, came into widespread use. And the most common crop in the sharecropping system was cotton. In the later decades of the 19th-century prices of cotton dropped, and that contributed to the severe poverty throughout much of the South. The reliance upon cotton, which had been so profitable earlier in the century, proved to be a severe problem by the 1880s and 1890s.

Managing Change in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing Change in Organisations - Essay Example Employees and workers have to be well-equipped in the knowledge economy with the necessary mental, physical and psychological abilities. This is the new scenario in the twenty-first century: individuals should be ready for battle and their weapons are their knowledge, talent, capabilities, and experience to combat the multiple forces of modernity and technology. Organisations depend much on the workers; likewise workers can depend on organisational knowledge. This essay will present how our organisation is able to introduce change in a situation where everything seems to be crumbling. Complaints, suggestions, and rumors of forcible retirement are circulating, whilst top management is resigned to leaving it all up to fate or to next people interested to take the reins of power. Our concerns are deep rooted, mine perhaps is too personal, simply because I grew up with the company, my father and grandfather both came from ordinary workers to middle level managers of the organisation I have perceived to have become an institution. The organisation means many things to all of us. We have grown with the company. Letting the board do what they want to do because their job is done, or that they have attained what they wanted in life, is like leaving childhood memories to waste. Moreover, we are also fighting for survival here. Where will we go? Where will all these employees who will soon be replaced by new hires from the joint venture company find jobs? It is a major change, one which requires careful study, determination and will on the part of owners and management. How it is executed requires the cooperation of everyone, most of all, teamwork. Well, it is teamwork that we have missed all this time. The whole picture portrays a sick organisation. From the very beginning, the company seems going nowhere. First, production is really slow. The whole organisation is working at a slow pace that it seems the organisation cannot cope with the rising tide of